What can you learn from source A about the work of Bletchley Park Essay Example Essay Example

What can you learn from source A about the work of Bletchley Park Essay Example Paper What can you learn from source A about the work of Bletchley Park Essay Introduction Source A is a primary source and has a description of the work involved in Hut 3 at Bletchley Park. The source was written by one of the ‘intelligence staff’. It tells us that workers were ‘very departmentalised’ which meant the workers were deliberately kept in ignorance in order to prevent secrets getting out. B.P had some sort of hierarchy, ‘The real high ups’; only the important people knew what was going on. Hut 3 members were linguistics; they decoded foreign messages. They were intelligent, as they knew how to decode the foreign messages, hence the name ‘intelligence staff’.However this primary source may not give an accurate insight as it’s evidence is questionable. The source only shows there is a sense of secrecy in Hut 3 and also suggests that there was no communication to and from Hut 3 and other Huts. In order for us to agree with this theory, we require information from the some of the other Huts at B.P., especi ally Hut 6.Does the evidence of source C support the evidence of sources A and B about the work of Bletchley Park?Source C is primary source and contains a description of work involved in Hut 6, written by one of the code breakers. It tells us that the code breakers decoded the enigma codes but were not actually informed of the results of the important messages they had translated. This shows Hut 6 members were kept in isolation to prevent information leakage and only the imperative members of B.P. knew exactly what was happening.This sense of privacy in source B supports source A as Hut 6 members were kept in isolation just like the Hut 3 members because they did not know what was happening outside their involvement. Source B also supports source C, because source B shows the workers did not know what would happen next at B.P. thus adding the theme of secrecy. All three sources share a joint message that procedures at B.P. were top secret. And all the sources have the same amount o f information and carry similar reliabilities.Though the sources share many similarities they also contain many differences. Source B tells us that the worker was female but in the other two sources it does not mention if the worker was either male or female. If the two anonymous workers were female it might correspond only the women in B.P. were kept in ignorance. Although the content for each of the sources link in a general theme of secrecy, they give slightly different information to each other. Source A demonstrates the workers were ‘departmentalised,’ source B shows the workers did not know what was going to happen next and source C explains the workers did not often know the results of their translated codes.Also source B is the only source to tell us when it was produced whereas the others have no dates. This in effect reduces the reliability of all the sources put together.In conclusion source C does support sources A and B. We are given further support to demo nstrate the theory that many members of staff were not informed about events that were happening during and after their work at B.P. The sources tell us many people did not know what was going to happen, what was happening and results of their work at B.P. That shows B. P. had tried as hard as they could not to let their secrets be exposed because it may have fallen in the wrong hands therefore ruining the situation for Britain in the war.How useful are source D and E in helping you understand how Bletchley Park was able to crack the Enigma Codes?Source D is a primary source, which is a description of the work involved in Hut 3 written by one of the intelligence staff. The source is very useful in helping us understand how B.P. was able to crack the Enigma Codes. It tells us ‘material’ came from Hut 6 and a great amount was corrupted. This meant it used complex German language or it did not make sense. The ‘Head of the Watch’ (supervisor) would then send th e messages to ‘the Watch’ (shift) that seemed to be in top priority to translate in English. The source points out on of Hut 3’s ‘great strenghs’, which was the ‘index’ (like a dictionary or directory). The ‘index’ helped the linguistics be aware of what some of the words or phrases meant which were decoded in earlier messages. In effect this helped the department predict Germany’s next approach.Source E is an image of an Enigma machine. B.P. used Enigma Machines as a replica of the German machines that were used to code messages. This helped them understand the process of the German coding. On the other hand the machine shows how complicated decoding messages is. The Germans used five wheels of which a different set of three was used each day to code messages. All B.P. knew was each letter never represented itself. However they had soon discovered the middle wheel was never used. In Source E we cannot learn how B.P. was able to crack the Enigma Codes. The source only shows an image of the machine, illustrating how complicated the work involved in B.P. was.Source D and E are quite useful in helping us understand how B.P. was able to crack the Enigma Codes. Source D is much more useful than Source E for helping us understand the process involved in B.P. However these sources appear to be fairly limited. For us to gain a wider comprehension, it is important that we have access to much more sources.Use Sources F and G, and your own knowledge, to explain the importance of Bletchley Park to the war effortSource F is a memo written by (the Prime Minister of Britain during WW2), Winston Churchill. This primary source was sent to the chief of Staff Lord Ismay. The content of the source shows Churchill wanted messages with high priority reported to him immediately. It shows Churchill had strong communications too and from B.P. This source was highly likely to be produced during a battle when it was cruci al to decode all messages quickly. There were a number of victories during WW2 with the help of B.P. One possible event referring to this source could be the Battle of the Atlantic in 1941 when B.P. helped defeat German U-boats which were attacking convoys in the Atlantic. The messages decoded by B.P. in the recent events during the war in many cases helped the further events that had occurred.Source G is a description of the work involved in Hut 6 written by one of the code breakers. The source greatly contrasts with source F. Source G shows how frustrating it was trying to decode the messages. The three wheels on the Enigma Machine sometimes made Hut 6 code breakers work all night due to the number of possible positions for just one letter. The source also suggests that the end result most of the time was not worth their effort because the code breakers never actually found out the results of their messages, ‘and there it is, the Italian, the German, or whatever it is.â€⠄¢ The source however poses a number of questions, as there is no indication what happened after the codes were cracked or whether the messages helped with the war.In conclusion Source G does not show the importance of B.P. to the war effort. But it does tell us how hard members of Hut 6 worked for B.P. and the difficulty of decoding messages. In some ways Source F shows the importance of B.P. to the war effort. It shows that there was direct communication to and from B.P. and important messages were sent immediately to the PM. This shows B.P. played a crucial part in the war.The writer of Source I believed that Bletchley Park had a very great impact on the outcome of the Second World War. Use the sources and your own knowledge to explain whether you agree with this view.Bletchley Park in general appeared to have a great impact on the Second World War but had little impact at the start of the war and towards the end of the war. Evidently it did help the outcome of WW2 but its impact differs from one view to another.Source I is a primary source and is a description of the work involved in B.P. written by one of the code breakers. It states B.P. had a ‘very great’ impact on WW2 and ‘shortened the war’ period. This view appears to be a bias opinion because the sources main focus is on the successful outcomes of the war and states no drawbacks. It does not give a reasonable justification why the impact of B.P. was in fact ‘very great.’ Many of the other code breakers did not know the effect of their work at B.P., so how can this code breaker be completely sure it had a great impact.Source A is written by one of the intelligence staff in Hut 3 and contains a description of the work involved for her or him at B.P. The source shows a theme of secrecy within Hut 3 because the work involved at B.P. was too important for even their workers to find out. The workers did not know the importance of their work. The source however fails to provide when it was produced which is very important because it can tell us the time period B.P. had a great impact during the war.Source C is written by one of the code breakers in Hut 6. It also shows the theme of secrecy because the workers never knew the results of their work. It tells us the code breakers worked hard, to decode messages, suggesting the impact of their work. However the source fails to tells us when it was produced.Source D is written by one of the workers in the intelligence staff. It is the first source to point out one of Bletchley Park’s great strengths, which was the index. Hut 3 had an ordered system of how to deal with the important messages. Such a system reflects the importance of their work again hinting the impact B.P. had on WW2. Again the date of the source is not given.Source F also suggests B.P. had a big impact on the Second World War. It is a memo written by the former Prime Minister Winston Churchill, which states that everything impo rtant should be referred to him immediately. Such strong relations between the P.M. and B.P. shows Churchill relied on B.P. for help in the war thus justifying its impact. Although the date of the source is not given we can easily interpret this source was produced during the war and perhaps in the middle.Source G is a description of the work at B.P. by one of the code breakers. It states that the code breakers worked very hard even though some of the results of the messages may not be relevant to the situation. Their effort points to the direction of Bletchley Park’s impact on the war. The date of the source is not given so we are not aware when there was an impact.Source H is a photograph taken in Hut 3. The workers appear very busy reflecting their importance in the war. The stacks of paper files help justify this. A majority of the workers are women. This suggests B.P. may have mainly women working for them and most of the men may have participated their support by fighti ng in the war.Source B however is a description of B.P. written by a woman at there in 1939. She described herself in the ‘first wave’ which means she was in the first set of people to work there. B.P. had just developed so obviously it had no impact at the start of the war, in 1939.Source E is a photograph of an enigma machine. It gives us no evidence that B.P. had an impact on WW2 however it does show us that the code breakers had to work very hard with the machines to decode the messages. It does not tell us if the enigma machine helped B.P. have a big impact on the war.In conclusion I agree B.P. had an impact on the success of WW2. Members of B.P. united together to help the British, Italians and French. But I do not agree Bletchley Park had a very great impact on the war because others were involved as well. It was the British army, navy and its allies, which mainly helped the defeat of the Second World War. B.P. did help the outcome of the war but only for a short period of time, which was in the middle of the war. However, evidently, it did provide support for many of the battles won during the war. What can you learn from source A about the work of Bletchley Park Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Success in College Depends on Preperation and Hardwork †Scholarship Essay

Success in College Depends on Preperation and Hardwork – Scholarship Essay Free Online Research Papers Success in College Depends on Preperation and Hardwork Scholarship Essay One of the most important steps that I have taken to prepare for college is my enrollment in advanced placement (AP) and college level courses. I have already completed AP Chemistry, and I’m currently in further advanced placement courses for Physics and Calculus BC. In addition, I have spent a summer vacation completing a college-level Geometry course at the local community college. While such courses proved to be tough challenges, AP classes and college-level courses have become invaluable in preparing me for the rigors of University courses. My school has also given me the special opportunity to attend a pre-engineering course that was designed to show us how real engineers operated in their various occupations. Since I saw engineering as a potential career path, getting in this course was an easy choice to make. I was able to find out a lot about engineering and gained a fundamental understanding of engineering opportunities, benefits and the requirements for a potential engineering major. In addition, I have taken some time from my summer vacation and enrolled in a speed-reading course in order to improve my reading skills. The reading class stressed being able to read quickly and more efficiently, as well as with better understanding, and has provided me with an enhanced comprehension of high school and college subjects. I have also joined the math competition team because I wanted to test and improve my mathematical skills. As part of the competition team, I learned how to attack difficult problems that the team frequently encountered on the extra difficult tests. Some of the strategies that the instructor taught us involved breaking the problem down into parts and minimizing errors. I knew that possessing a stronger mathematical background would bring an advantage for many high school subjects, and provide a useful jump start for college-level mathematics courses. Tutoring classmates has been an important preparation for college level comprehension. When other people ask me to tutor them for their classes, I find it to be a great opportunity to master certain subjects since it refreshes my memory on the subject. By tutoring others, I am able to re-learn the material and my understanding of the subject is always improved and becomes more refined. Many educational opportunities have come from my classes in school, but some learning opportunities have developed from the Internet. Since I have a great affinity for computers, I have also had a strong interest in a Computer Science major. Working hard to get a good understanding of computers has always been my style. Already I have a fairly strong understanding of the HTML internet website language, and have already learned some fundamentals of the highly advanced computer programming language, C++. Research Papers on Success in College Depends on Preperation and Hardwork - Scholarship EssayStandardized TestingTrailblazing by Eric AndersonHip-Hop is ArtRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaGenetic EngineeringComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality

Pixelcase in Australia is the organization using the revolutionary use of the augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). The following report outlines the above factors providing the problem statements and benefits of the technologies. For the past few years Pixelcase experimented over photogrammetry under VR. This helped one of the effective workflows of VR modeling in the world. They have also developed their own linear scanning software of automated drone increasing the VR experience qualities. The VR photogrammetry currently transports the users in the VR to the walkable, tangible and real locations anywhere in the world. The service has been appropriate for asset management, film, education, museums, heritage and many more (Biocca and Levy 2013). The augmented reality has been related with the advertisement campaigns, science-fiction movies or gimmicked situations. The VR on the other hand has been created for the smart-phones. This is built as the standalone device and provided with powerful systems of gaming. There have been various real-life usages for these technologies (Dunleavy and Dede 2014). The trends related to AR are the AR headsets, mobile experiences, retail sectors and mixed reality.   The innovation in e-commerce is rapidly rising and AR is bringing the physical presence to the online shopping. The trends of VR lie in the fact that, the wireless virtual reality technology is creating a huge splash. This would also help in shopping. The Internet-of-Things has been making wireless VR more beautiful and dangerous.   This turns into the killer app for the phones and people might get addicted to it. The augmented reality has been the live view of the real world scenarios. Its elements are augmented via sensory inputs generated by computer like video, sound or GPS data. This enhances the reality of perception and the techniques are performed in the real time. This is done under the semantic context with the environmental elements like overlapping supplemental data (Barfield 2015). The VR is the computer technology that makes use of the VR headsets. This has been sometimes in assimilation with the multi-projected scenarios generating sounds, realistic images and sensations simulating the physical presence of the users in a virtual environment. People using the equipment could look around the new world with large quality movements interacting with virtual items (Earnshaw 2014). The problem statements regarding the technologies for Pixelcase are that why should they experiment with the technologies, how is VR suitable for their brands and their scopes in future market. The benefits lie in the fact that it would provide the consumer of Pixelcase to access events and locations. It is perfect for the brand because some industries would lend themselves to the technology more naturally like the entertainment companies. The trends of Pixelcase are researched in this report along with its potential applications. Both of the technologies have been earning lots of media attention promising tremendous rise. They could disrupt as well as reshape the current markets and the business models. Cloud processing and computing and auxiliary smart environment: This would enable the concepts of AR. Miniaturization of the devices: This rises the opportunities. Choosing place on the spectrum of the VR technology: This would help the journalists. Barfield, W. ed., 2015.  Fundamentals of wearable computers and augmented reality. CRC Press. Biocca, F. and Levy, M.R. eds., 2013.  Communication in the age of virtual reality. Routledge. Dunleavy, M. and Dede, C., 2014. Augmented reality teaching and learning. In  Handbook of research on educational communications and technology  (pp. 735-745). Springer New York. Earnshaw, R.A. ed., 2014.  Virtual reality systems. Academic press.

Catholic Charities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Catholic Charities - Essay Example St. Luke's Addiction Recovery Centre offers rehabilitation services for those with substance abuse. This location is well maintained to ensure that it is able to offer its services in an efficient manner and in a pleasing environment. This is a non-governmental organization, which is non-profit social service organization and is aimed at alleviating human suffering by offering the necessary assistance. It has continued services aimed a restoring dignity to the human race. This has been achieved by operating within the set goals and mission (Addiction Treatment Centers, 2008). The mission of Catholic Charities is to honor God by ensuing that they enhance the quality of life and dignity through offering the necessary support to individuals and families, fighting poverty, building communities and working towards a justice cause. The organization offers different types of services. ... sts immigrants; housing services for the homeless; and behavioral health care which includes counseling, prevention and basic treatment offered in sites like Miami-Dade and Broward Counties. In the organization, I was functioning as an intern in the outpatients department. In this section I offered individual therapy. I also facilitated peer led group services with other people in the organization. Internal structure of the organization The whole organization has about 23 staff working in different programs in the organization. All these people are of diverse origin comparable to that of South Florida. The staff is balanced in terms of gender, ethnicity, disability, age, and professional status. Of all the staff there are 20 females and 16 males which shows close gender equality in distribution. The staff has paid close attention to the ethnicity of the community and has included Cubans, African American people, Puerto Rican, Jamaicans, and there are also white American staff members in the organization. The organization is headed by the president who also acts as the chairperson of the board. Under the chairperson there is the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer delegates the duty to Chief Operating Officer who delegates to Financial Officer and Data Security Officer. In matters of operation efficiency, the organization is very efficient in it operation given the great division of labor and specialization in the organization. Every staff member is assigned to their duties, which they attend to efficiently. The initial treatment plan is usually completed within three days of admission. The treatment plans are revised with the counselor after every 30 days. It ensures that a month before discharge at least 72% complete treatment with no alcohol and

Team Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Team Dynamics - Essay Example It is common to realize that most of the class assignments we undertook in class the previous semester were done as group work. Before I can state the performance of the group, it is imperative that it understood that there are various behavioral concepts that influence the management and operation of group in execution of any activity (Levi, 18). It is always on the basis of such models that the success or failure of a group is attributable. I must classify the performance of my group last semester as high performing. This could be deduced from the good marks attained and the rare show of consolidarity and unity of purpose when undertaking such several activities which had varying technicalities. Group task entails the application of a complex model which has different components which acts at individual level but contribute as whole for the execution of the assigned task. In respect of our group some of the aspects of the behavioral model that encompasses group task included; group members who possessed high standard of self-discipline and other personal attributes, group structure which was in order and formed a formidable force that could face any assignment, interpersonal dynamics with interpersonal skills key in the actions of the group members, outstanding organizational and societal context and positive and realistic goals (Levi, 57). These factors were responsible for the group’s unrivalled exceptional performance.

Freud And James Theoretical Positions Essay Example for Free

Freud And James Theoretical Positions Essay Sigmund Freud and William James helped unveil a new zeitgeist in the burgeoning field of psychology. Freud’s psychoanalysis and James’ functionalism would influence theorists and practitioners for decades, earning each man a prominent place in psychology’s history books.   What are the cornerstones of these milestone theories of human behavior, and how do they compare? In regards to basic human nature, James and Freud could not have been more divergent in their views. William James’ functionalism promoted a free will that carries us toward a â€Å"final destination. † A personal analysis that reflects one’s own unique individual experiences was highly valued. Each event in our lives moves us through a constant stream of different contexts and consciousness. Therefore, James did not focus so much on our good or evil natures, preferring instead to view our world as painted with a palette of varying shades of gray. Human beings cannot be divided into convenient categories and labels, but rather exist as unique and complex individuals. James’ pragmatic and functional mentality (we all have a purpose) leant him a slightly humanistic view in which most people strive toward a common good for the betterment of society. (James, 1983) In stark contrast, Sigmund Freud heralded a rather pessimistic view of human nature, emphasizing instincts as our innate drive and aggression or sex as our primary channels for those desires. Much of his psychoanalytic theory centers around the concept of a libidinous id—a force deep within us and beyond our awareness which harbors all of our secret impulses and desires unfit for society. Most of our lives, our personality is spent in a conflict between the bad id and the good, law-abiding superego. We repress most of our negative feelings out of conscious awareness, but they still manifest themselves in the form of physical illness and mental neurosis, just as the infamous â€Å"Anna O.† demonstrates.   Also, Freud’s proposed psychosexual stages of development further reveal his emphasis on instincts (primarily sexual) in molding everyone (Schultz Schultz, 2000). The emphasis on innate physical causes for behavior represented a strong departure from structural and empirical schools of thought, and both Freud and James brought this difference to the forefront, albeit in different forms. â€Å"No mental modification ever occurs which is not accompanied or followed by a bodily change†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†The spiritualist and the associationist must both be cerebralists†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Psychology is â€Å"the adjustment of inner to outer relations†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.The psychologist must be a â€Å"nerve-physiologist†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..All of the preceding statements, taken from William James’ Principles of Psychology (1983), highlight an underlying theme in his theory—the body (most especially the brain) is a vital and essential component of â€Å"mental life.† Consciousness, he asserted, must be studied in its natural setting, and study of the â€Å"conditions† (the physical components) of â€Å"phenomena† is crucial. He cited as proof of the brain’s importance how factors such as a blow to the head, drug use, or other sorts of brain trauma have the potential to almost complete reverse someone’s behavior and personality. In addition, his theory of habits also indicates his belief in the brain’s ability to mold lifelong behaviors. Also, James held that emotions were the direct result of physiological reactions to stimuli (Schultz Schultz, 2000). Despite his nativist assertions, however, James did appreciate that vital role environmental factors played in human development. According to functionalist thought, the function of our consciousness is to freely adapt to our environment in order to survive. We accomplish this through â€Å"choosing† our paths. An active mind that filters, combines, selects, rejects, and generally â€Å"weave(s) an endless carpet† appealed to James. He prized the role of motivation in directing our attention. Far from being mere passersby on the highway of life, we are rather highly energetic and involved â€Å"drivers† paving our own indelible mark and fueled by free will (James, 1983). Freud shared James’ basic nativism. Freud’s study of Anna O. demonstrates his certainty that the mind can exert a tremendous influence upon the body. The whole concept of neurosis states that physical bodily symptoms which have no apparent physical origin are likely the result of defects or repressions within the mind (Schultz Schultz, 2000). Freud always remained very deterministic in his theories. All people are born with innate libidinous impulses. All people repress those instincts, resulting in various complexes. All people pass through the psychosexual stages of development, and the personality of everyone is basically set by the age of seven. However, unlike William James, Freud’s stance is rooted in a passive mind completely helpless to impulse. Perhaps this passivity—and lack of faith in the human condition—is the strongest contrast between Sigmund Freud and William James. However, both men will continue to influence psychologists across the world for many generations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  References James, W. (1983). The Principles of Psychology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Schultz, D. P. Schultz, S. E. (2000). A History of Modern Psychology. Belmont: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.

Mathematics of Lenses and Optical Glass :: Math

Missing figures PROPERTIES OF LENSES, OPTICAL GLASS Composition Glass is a solid, structureless and amorphous. There are two main group classification of optical glass: 1. Crown, and 2. Flint (has a high content of lead oxide) Chemicals are combined to produce new glass types. These new glass types are used to benefit other different types of cameras (such as high-speed minature cameras, black/white cameras, etc). Properties The most important optical characteristics of a glass are its refractive index and its degree of dispersion. Refraction is the phenomenon of a light ray that passes from air to glass or from glass to air, and is deflected from its path when it meets the glass surface at an angle. The glasses magnitude depends on two things: the material of the glass and its wavelength. We can see wavelengths as coloured light from (spectrum colours) red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. An example of this is the refraction of light on a raindrop, where we may see a rainbow. Note, that the shorter the wavelength of the light, the more the ray strikes the glass surface is refracted. Blue and violet rays are deflected more than red rays. The degree of the deflection is a case characterized by a value, the refractive index n. It varies from the different colours of the spectrum. The degree of refraction is given by Snellius's law of refraction: where r is the angle or refraction and i is the angle of incidence The value of n for air is 1.00, water is 1.33, crown glass is 1.46 to 1.72 and flint glass is 1.55 to 1.80. In a camera, light is transmitted by the aperture. It forms on the screen a circle of light which is the image of the object point. When the distance of the screen from the aperture is increased, the image will become larger as well as the diameter of the circle of light (image point). The size of the aperature depends on the diameter of the circle of light from the image. The light that passes the aperature is scattered or diffracted. So, if the aperature is too small, the image may become less sharp because of the scatter of light at the aperature opening. A sharp image must have a aperture large enough to reduce the effects of diffraction to a minimum. Lens Shapes A lens is a glass body bounded by two surfaces centred on the optical axis of the lens. Mathematics of Lenses and Optical Glass :: Math Missing figures PROPERTIES OF LENSES, OPTICAL GLASS Composition Glass is a solid, structureless and amorphous. There are two main group classification of optical glass: 1. Crown, and 2. Flint (has a high content of lead oxide) Chemicals are combined to produce new glass types. These new glass types are used to benefit other different types of cameras (such as high-speed minature cameras, black/white cameras, etc). Properties The most important optical characteristics of a glass are its refractive index and its degree of dispersion. Refraction is the phenomenon of a light ray that passes from air to glass or from glass to air, and is deflected from its path when it meets the glass surface at an angle. The glasses magnitude depends on two things: the material of the glass and its wavelength. We can see wavelengths as coloured light from (spectrum colours) red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. An example of this is the refraction of light on a raindrop, where we may see a rainbow. Note, that the shorter the wavelength of the light, the more the ray strikes the glass surface is refracted. Blue and violet rays are deflected more than red rays. The degree of the deflection is a case characterized by a value, the refractive index n. It varies from the different colours of the spectrum. The degree of refraction is given by Snellius's law of refraction: where r is the angle or refraction and i is the angle of incidence The value of n for air is 1.00, water is 1.33, crown glass is 1.46 to 1.72 and flint glass is 1.55 to 1.80. In a camera, light is transmitted by the aperture. It forms on the screen a circle of light which is the image of the object point. When the distance of the screen from the aperture is increased, the image will become larger as well as the diameter of the circle of light (image point). The size of the aperature depends on the diameter of the circle of light from the image. The light that passes the aperature is scattered or diffracted. So, if the aperature is too small, the image may become less sharp because of the scatter of light at the aperature opening. A sharp image must have a aperture large enough to reduce the effects of diffraction to a minimum. Lens Shapes A lens is a glass body bounded by two surfaces centred on the optical axis of the lens.

The Man to send Rain Clouds

â€Å"The Man to Send Rain Clouds† Leslie Mormon Silks wrote â€Å"The Man to Send Rain Clouds† in 1969. The story details the death of an old Indian named Teflon. During one point of the story Leon prepares Topsoil's body for burial. Leon proceeds to paint Topsoil's face yellow. In the Native American Culture the color yellow stands for mourning or death. Teflon may be dead, but Silks presents him as a transitional character going through the three stage process. Silks uses the three stage process to demonstrate the importance of vying a full life and leaving a lasting impression upon the world.The first stage of the process is Separation. Separation is the character moving away into the unfamiliar. Teflon is literally, physically separated from his tribe. In the beginning of the story Teflon is found dead in the sheep pasture under a tree. Teflon was an old shepherd who tended the sheep alone at night. Silks presents Teflon as a lonely, neglected, poor man. â€Å"The y found him under a big cottonwood tree. His Levi Jacket and pants were faded light blue so that he had been easy to find. The big cottonwood tree stood apart from a small grove of winter bare cotton woods which grew in the wide, sandy arroyo.He had been dead for a day or more, and the sheep had wandered and scattered up and down the arroyo. † Silks illustrates the tree as being isolated from the other trees because it parallels Topsoil's separation from the others. â€Å"The people stood close to each other with little clouds of steam puffing from their faces. † The next stage of the process is transition. Transition is the character going through trials and tribulations that stimulates personal growth ND knowledge. Topsoil's burial process is his Journey of change.Teflon went from being a weathered lively old man to being a fragile decomposing corpse. Topsoil's fragility and age is illustrated when the young people dress him in his burial clothes. â€Å"He looked sma ll and shriveled, and after they dressed him in the new shirt and pants he seemed more shrunken. † â€Å"They laid the bundle in the back of the pickup and covered it with a heavy tarp before they started back to the pueblo' The other characters do not even look at Teflon as a human anymore. Topsoil's death transitioned other characters as well. But there he was, facing into a cold dry wind and squinting at the last sunlight; ready to bury a red wool blanket while the faces of his parishioners were in the shadow with the last warmth of the sun on their backs. † Throughout the story the priest transitioned from religious to spiritual. Teflon taught the Father Paul the importance of having a spiritual life. Teflon transition was physical and spiritual. The last stage of the process is reintegration. Reintegration is the character turning to the place where he started or a better place than where he started.Teflon returned to the earth from which he came from. â€Å"They lowered the bundle into the ground, and they didn't bother to untie the stiff pieces of new rope that were tied around the ends of the blanket. † In the King James Version of the bible it is stated in Genesis chapter thirteen verse nine, â€Å"By the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return. † Teflon is returning from what he was made from. I believe that Silks wrote this story to show her readers that she believes life is short.I know life is short. I have seen many people die in my twenty years of life. After I read this short story I went to visit my mom's grave. It seems that after you die no one remembers you. I wandered through the older part of the cemetery fixing headstones. So many were turned over, broken and abandoned. I wondered where the decease's loved one was. The optimism in me wants to believe that I will leave a lasting impression on the world ar ound me. In reality I will probably die and be ergot as soon as my casket hit the bottom of my grave Just like Teflon.I think that Silks is trying to inspire her readers to live fully because one day it will all be over. I want to leave this world a better place. Also another question is, â€Å"Can someone give a greater gift from the beyond then from life itself? † I'm sure the rain did come and replenish the crops so that the Indians had plenty of food and agriculture to sell. Teflon gave a greater gift to his tribe then what he would have been able to give them during life. Teflon also gave Father Paul the gift of Spiritual learning.After watching the burial Father Paul realized that religion isn't the only thing in life. Father Paul expanded his view on death and life after death because of Teflon. Teflon gave everyone a greater gift then what was expected. â€Å"The Man to Send Rain Clouds† shows readers how life after death really is. At one point or another ever yone ponders how the world is going to react in response their death. I think everyone should read this story because it really changes ones perspective about death after life. â€Å"The Man to Send Rain Clouds† will motivate and fresh you outlook on life.After reading this a reader will respond to life in a more conscientious way. This story could improve the quality of our world if it was well- known. â€Å"The Man to Send Rain Clouds† is an inspiring tale of death.

Ebay Strategy

Short history of eBay Pierre Omidyar launched the first online auction in 1995 under the name ‘Auctionwatch’ under the domain name of www. eBay. com with the intention of creating a person- ­? to- ­? person trading community based on a democratized, efficient market where everyone could have equal access through the same medium, the Internet. The initial concept was to attract neighbours and other interested in the San Francisco Bay area residents to the site to buy and sell items of mutual interest. From there, the business grew to succession year after year. 1996: Jeffrey Skoll became co- ­? president and director of eBay. 997: Margaret Whitman became CEO of eBay. 2004: eBay acquired a share in Craigslist. 2005: eBay acquired Rent. com and Shopping. com. 2006: Acquisition of Skype. 2007: eBay acquired Stubhub. com. 2008: Margaret Whitman resigned as CEO. John Donahoe was her successor. During the years 2006- ­? 2008, eBay experienced a drop in gross merchandise sales to - ­? 12% and a reduction in number of auctions listed to - ­? 15%. This signalled a downturn in business for eBay, and a need to overcome the challenges which it now faced. Between 2006 and 2008 : eBay’s share of the US e- ­? commerce market had fallen from 19% to 17% (Amazon market hares, same period: from 3,7% to 5,3%). In 2008, John Donahoe took over the firm. Donahoe was a man who liked change. He believed that the firms marketplace sector had reached its maturity and a change in strategy was needed for the firm to move forward. In other words, he believed that the emphasis should no longer be put on the market place sector of eBay but on expanding the business by providing an array of other services. Question 1: Porters’ five forces: When eBay was first set up in 1995, it was the first business in the online auction industry. Since then, the industry has grown significantly. eBays competitors includeAmazon, uBid, Yahoo, and Google. Due to the incre asing interest in the online auction industry, eBay is now facing competition from a number of different rivals, most importantly Amazon. 1. Bargaining Power of buyers: Medium Buyers have the power to negotiate a price which suits them through setting their preferred bid. There is no pressure on buyers to surpass their preferred price limit. However, the number of buyers in the market is vast therefore their power is limited. 2. Bargaining Power of Sellers: Low As a result of endless number of sellers in the market, the bargaining power is low as there are many alternatives which an offer buyers good value and at a low price. Unless dealing with high end items or collectibles, which may be rare, the bargaining power of suppliers is low. 3. Existing Rivalry among competitors: Medium: The online auction industry is oligopolistic in the sense that there are a few large companies who own a large proportion of the market shares (eBay, uBid). However eBay is facing competition from severa l online retailers (Amazon, Overstock). 4. Threat of Substitutes: High Many consumers still prefer to use traditional methods for purchasing and selling items such as in- ­? store purchases. Consumers prefer to use this ype of purchase for many reasons. Firstly for security purposes, there is no risk in giving cash- ­? in- ­? hand to an establishment as opposed to giving credit card details online. Also, buyers have the opportunity to check the value of the good they wish to purchase. Many retail outlets have also extended their market to an online level. 5. Threat of new entrants: Medium The threat from new entrants is medium. As a result of low barriers of entry into the market, it is not difficult for businesses to be created. Businesses find it difficult to generate regular customers, as they must build up a reputation of having a safe nd secure website. In this sense, eBay has a competitive advantage as it has created a strong, trusted environment for its customers. Risin g competition in the market will, in turn, cause improvements in product quality and innovation. Also in order to generate good profits, eBay must focus on the sector of suppliers which regulates the most profits, this being the suppliers of high end items such as collectible products. EBay can differentiate by specialising in the market for collectible goods. Question 2: PEST Analysis:  §? Political: The internet is a tax free environment. EBay is not affected by the governments’ laws on axes. However, eBay is affected by certain policies considering the sale of certain products in different countries. For example, the CNIL in France. Economical: As a result of the economic crisis, consumer behaviour is changing. Consumers have less disposable income to spend caused by problems associated with the economic downturn such as rising unemployment rates, inflation rates etc. Sociological: Consumer behaviour has changed dramatically in recent years. Consumers want a quick and co nvenient way to source their products/services; the internet provides this through online retailers and auctions. The number of internet sers has amplified (insert statistics later? ). Technological: The internet has revolutionised, its range of activities has expanded with time. Along with offering search engines to quickly find products/ services, internet now makes it possible to quickly make transactions between buyers and sellers (PayPal).  §?  §?  §? The combined aspects of political, social, economic and technological will strengthen competition in the industry. In reference to economical, the economic crisis will cause companies to differentiate and work harder to find a competitive advantage over its rivals. In relation to technological, the use of e- ­? ommerce is becoming more and more popular; it has transformed the market place. Changing demographics has meant the internet and e- ­? commerce has become a more prominent force in the lives of consumers. E- ­? commerce is appealing as a more attractive industry as opposed to traditional retail outlets. It is less expensive for companies to create a business online as they can avoid the cost of employing a sales workforce. Also, as technology progresses, there will be the opportunity for firms to globalize, therefore expanding their market reach into different countries, and increasing their consumer base. Online businesses ill be able to target a larger number of consumers worldwide. In the current economic crisis, people need to increase their cash flow. This is an advantage for online auctions such as eBay as people can sell items that they no longer use. It creates a larger market for second- ­? hand items such as worn- ­? once clothing. Question 3: Key Success Factors: Online auctions and retailers †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ These key success factors apply to both online retailers and online auctions. However, in the case of the online auctions, a key success factor w ould be the necessity to create a community of trusted buyers and sellers. Online auctions uch as eBay emphasise the importance of good values among their users such as honesty and trustworthiness. A second key success factors for online auctions is the importance of attracting and keeping sellers as without sellers supplying the items, the market would not exist. It is essential that online auctions are made attractable to sellers. This can be done by offering suppliers the option to set a minimal price for their products, further advertisements of their products e. g. eBay will display sellers products on their homepage for a minimal fee. As shown, there are specified key success factors for online auctions. †¢ Necessity to create a community Necessity to attract suppliers Expertise in technology Brand name Generate traffic to the site: by attracting and keeping customers Overcome internet users nervousness about using the internet for e- ­? commerce Security of payment Que stion 4: Our strategic map conveys that this is an oligopolistic market. There are two main competitors who hold strong positions in the market, those being eBay and Amazon. Both businesses have a strong reputation in the market combined with a wide variety of auctions/product categories. EBay is a household name when it comes to online auctions. The map shows hat eBay holds the strongest position in the market. Amazon lacks in number/variety of auctions compared to eBay but it still managed to hold a strong position in the market through its well- ­? established brand name. In comparison with eBay, Yahoo holds a weak position in the market. It lacks in brand recognition as an online business. Yahoo also has a limited variety of auctions paralleled with the market giants eBay and Amazon. Question 5: Swot Analysis  §?  §?  §?  §? Strengths: Global brand for online auctions (Brand awareness). Quality and Quantity of products. Community spirit. Payment security (Paypal). Oppo rtunities:Acquisition of new business. Develop a market in emerging countries (India, Brazil†¦). Increase in online shopping.  §?  §?  §? Weaknesses: Model opened to fraudulent activities. System breakdowns. Increasing customer demands Threats: Substitute products (stores, online shopping web sites†¦). Success attracts competition. Interest and foreign currency exchange rates. Consumers’ fear of fraudulence  §?  §?  §?  §?  §?  §?  §? The SWOT analysis reveals that eBays strengths outweigh its weaknesses. eBays most promising strength is its globally known brand name. EBay has been established as a household name with its continued success in the - ­? commerce industry. It is still possible for eBay to expand and grow in this industry due to the increasing interest in online shopping. A notable weakness of the online commerce industry would be its systems openness to fraudulence. This has been faced by many businesses in the market including eB ay. Even though eBay was subject to controversy over this problem it has still emerged in a strong position nevertheless. Question 6: After computing the current ratio, we found that the company is able to pay its liabilities with its assets. 2005 2006 2007 Current Assets Current Liabilities 3990993 1266792 4970586 2518395 7122505 099579 Current ratio = current 3,15 1,97 2,30 assets /current liabilities It means that in 2007, the company can reimburse its liabilities with its assets 2 times. We noticed that the net income is decreasing (- ­? 70%). In fact, the gross merchandise sales are decreasing (- ­? 20%) and the auction listed too (- ­? 14%). The working capital shows us that eBay has enough cash available for the firm day to day operations. Working capital = current assets- ­? current liabilities 2005 2006 2007 2724201 2452191 4022926 The average collection period in 2007 is about 22 days. That means the company wait just 22 days before receiving the

Free Essays on Creation Myth

Creation Myth In the beginning†¦ There was only water and bare, empty land. In the center of this nothingness was a great mountain. This mountain stood tall and proud and it reached all the way into the heavens. At the very top of this mountain lived a pair of every kind of animal. In the center of this heaven grew a tree. This tree was not just any tree, it was the sacred tree of life, and it was not to be harmed in any way. Among the diverse group of animals was a pair of giraffes. The female giraffe had grown tired of eating the same old leaves and fruits. Being strong-willed and stubborn she decided that she just had to try a fruit from the sacred tree. She convinced her husband to accompany her and to be one of the first ones to taste this great, unknown fruit. Reluctantly her vacillating husband agrees. He tells himself that the consequences couldn’t be that bad, after all its only a tree. The pair reach the tree and begin to devour the delicious fruits. As they ate, they were ob livious to the great winds that had begun to blow. The winds continued to pick up speed and then with one strong gust every pair of animals is blown right off the mountain to the bare lands below. All the Animals are bewildered as they try to figure out what caused this. Finally the giraffes step forward admit to their part in the dilemma and take they blame. The animals are furious, but being sensible put aside their anger and decide to deal with the situation on hand. All the animals agree that they need a leader. The most skillful builders gather together and from the dirt and clay they build a figure with double of everything†¦4 eyes, 2 noses, 2 mouths, 4 legs. Hoping that the Great One will grant them this one request they go to sleep that night. When they Awake in the morning they find that they clay figure has come to life. That day this human proves to be very helpful and creates a wonderful paradise out of the barren land. That night there i... Free Essays on Creation Myth Free Essays on Creation Myth Creation Myth In the beginning†¦ There was only water and bare, empty land. In the center of this nothingness was a great mountain. This mountain stood tall and proud and it reached all the way into the heavens. At the very top of this mountain lived a pair of every kind of animal. In the center of this heaven grew a tree. This tree was not just any tree, it was the sacred tree of life, and it was not to be harmed in any way. Among the diverse group of animals was a pair of giraffes. The female giraffe had grown tired of eating the same old leaves and fruits. Being strong-willed and stubborn she decided that she just had to try a fruit from the sacred tree. She convinced her husband to accompany her and to be one of the first ones to taste this great, unknown fruit. Reluctantly her vacillating husband agrees. He tells himself that the consequences couldn’t be that bad, after all its only a tree. The pair reach the tree and begin to devour the delicious fruits. As they ate, they were ob livious to the great winds that had begun to blow. The winds continued to pick up speed and then with one strong gust every pair of animals is blown right off the mountain to the bare lands below. All the Animals are bewildered as they try to figure out what caused this. Finally the giraffes step forward admit to their part in the dilemma and take they blame. The animals are furious, but being sensible put aside their anger and decide to deal with the situation on hand. All the animals agree that they need a leader. The most skillful builders gather together and from the dirt and clay they build a figure with double of everything†¦4 eyes, 2 noses, 2 mouths, 4 legs. Hoping that the Great One will grant them this one request they go to sleep that night. When they Awake in the morning they find that they clay figure has come to life. That day this human proves to be very helpful and creates a wonderful paradise out of the barren land. That night there i...

Analyzing Banking Profiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing Banking Profiles - Essay Example The core capital has also shown similar pattern, which has increased from 7.47% in 2008 to 8.99% in 2010. The capital ratio stands at 11.39% in 2010 when compared to 8% in 2006. The number of institutions reporting to the FDIC has decreased from 8833 institutions in the year 2005 to 7760 institutions in 2010. The number of problem institutions has increased drastically on a year on year basis from 552 in 2009 to 860 in 2010. The number of failed institutions has also increased to 127 institutions in 2010 from just 3 institutions in the year 2007. Possible reasons for the observed changes in the banking industry Bank’s return on assets which refers to net income as a percentage of total assets, increased which suggests that the banking industry is able to garner more interest income with rise in demand for loans with reducing cost of funds, therefore sustaining revenues and improving asset quality. In relation with the core capital ratio, Tier 1 capital can absorb losses withou t a bank being required to cease its functioning. Therefore increase in core capital ratio indicates the health of the banking industry is improving considerably. The banking industry is giving prime importance to strengthen the Tier 1 level of capital.

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example There is also political entrepreneurship which is a discipline involving the application of the entrepreneurial principles by politicians to benefit from the political arena. Intra-prerneurship is another form of entrepreneurship that entails the application of the entrepreneurial principles within the organization in order to transform the whole organization by changing the way things are done in that organization. Within the organization, an entrepreneur acts as an agent of change, seeking to change the status quo of the organization. The entrepreneurial activities involve changing the way the business is done through an introduction of new goods and services or new processes. It also entails the exploration of new sources of material for use in the production process as well as new combinations that gives quality products while minimizing on the costs incurred. Thus, entrepreneurship is about creating business efficiency and effectiveness. It involves the process of creation of new business entities or making the already existing ones more productive (Livingston, 2007 p45). My future ambition is to become an astute entrepreneur, establishing new business and making them more productive and profitable. This is in line with the entrepreneurial characteristics that I posses. The fact that I have discipline is a pathway towards enabling me become an entrepreneur. This characteristic is desirable for any one aspiring to become an entrepreneur, in that it determines the commitment that the individual will have towards the business they seek to establish or run. Even though capital and visionary objectives may count as necessities towards becoming a successful entrepreneur, they do not count as does discipline. Discipline ensures that individuals commit themselves to the business they want to start or the one they are heading, giving it all their efforts. It is this discipline that ensure that the entrepreneur do not give up trying when the business seems not to be performing as expected (Bailetti, 2012 p120). Further, discipline ensures that individuals takes responsibility, and are accountable for each of their activities. Without discipline, an individual would skip some of their duties and opt to indulge elsewhere, when they are not supervised or monitored by other people. It is discipline that guarantees individuals good leadership, which is a necessity for achieving success. To achieve team work, which is a necessity for success in any business undertaking, an individual needs to be disciplined. It allows them respect other members of their team and accept to be led by others without feeling as though they are the best in everything (Howkins, 2005 p11). High risk propensity is the other of my trait that can see me through my ambition of becoming an entrepreneur. This characteristic is desirable since the world of business is very dynamic, and some occurrences are never foreseen or anticipated until they occur (Duening, 2009 p66). It is difficult to adapt to market changes, if an individual lacks this trait in them. Risk taking prop ensity allows an individual to invest in a field that others consider inappropriate to commit their resources. A high risk taking propensity allows individuals to seek for resources to start businesses, when they are in shortage of such resources. If individuals